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BAC skaičiuoklė 2026 m. balandis · 6 min. skaitymo

Kas yra biudžetas užbaigus (BAC)?

Biudžetas užbaigus (BAC) yra bendras patvirtintas visų projekto darbų biudžetas, nustatytas kaip fiksuotas atskaitos taškas prieš pradedant vykdymą. Pagal PMBOK 6-ąjį leidimą (p. 263), BAC lygus visų numatomų atlikti darbų biudžetų sumai. Tai yra Earned Value Management finansinis inkaras — skaičius, pagal kurį vertinamas visas išlaidų ir grafiko našumas.

PMBOK BAC apibrėžimas

Projektų valdymo žinių bazė (PMBOK® vadovas, 6-asis leidimas) apibrėžia BAC taip:

BAC = Visų projekte numatomų atlikti darbų biudžetų suma

Svarbiausia, kad BAC yra fiksuotas projekto atskaitos taške. Jis nesikeičia atsiradus išlaidų viršijimui — tai atsispindėtų Estimate at Completion (EAC). BAC keičiasi tik per oficialų bazinės linijos keitimo procesą, kai iš esmės pasikeičia patvirtinta darbų apimtis.

BAC vs Išlaidų atskaitos taškas vs Projekto biudžetas

TerminasApimaKeičiasi?
Projekto biudžetasBAC + Valdymo rezervasTik per formalią pokyčių kontrolę
Išlaidų atskaitos taškas (BAC)Visi darbo paketai + Nenumatytų atvejų rezervasTik iš naujo nustatant bazinę liniją
EACNumatomos faktinės bendros išlaidosReguliariai atnaujinama vykdymo metu

5 BAC vertinimo metodai

1. Vertinimas iš apačios į viršų (tiksliausias)

Įvertinkite kiekvieną darbo paketą atskirai ir juos susumuokite. Tikslumas: ±5–10%. Geriausia, kai yra detali apimtis. Naudokite mūsų BAC Builder, kad tai atliktumėte automatiškai.

2. Analoginis vertinimas

Naudokite faktines panašių praeities projektų išlaidas. Tikslumas: ±25–75%. Geriausia ankstyvose projekto stadijose, kai detalių mažai. Greita, bet remiasi panašiais istoriniais duomenimis.

3. Parametrinis vertinimas

Naudokite statistinius kintamųjų ryšius (pvz., kaina už kvadratinį metrą, kaina už programinės įrangos funkcijos tašką). Tikslumas: ±10–20%. Geriausia, kai yra patikimi istoriniai duomenys.

4. Trijų taškų vertinimas (PERT)

Formulė: BAC = (Optimistinis + 4 × Labiausiai tikėtinas + Pesimistinis) / 6. Atsižvelgia į neapibrėžtumą. Sukuria statistiškai pagrįstesnį įvertinimą nei vieno taško įvertinimai.

5. Ekspertų vertinimas

Pasitarkite su dalyko ekspertais, kai istorinių duomenų nėra. Dažnai derinamas su kitais metodais. Tikslumas labai priklauso nuo ekspertų patirties.

Realaus statybos pavyzdys

Išlaidų kategorijaBiudžetas
Darbas ir darbo jėga$400,000
Medžiagos ir tiekimas$250,000
Subrangovai$200,000
Įrangos nuoma
Budget at Completion Calculator April 2026 · 6 min read

What is Budget at Completion (BAC)?

Budget at Completion (BAC) is the total approved budget for all project work, established as a fixed baseline before execution begins. Per PMBOK 6th Edition (p.263), BAC equals the sum of all budgets for the work to be performed. It is the financial anchor of Earned Value Management — the number against which all cost and schedule performance is measured.

PMBOK Definition of BAC

The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide, 6th Edition) defines BAC as:

BAC = The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed on a project

Critically, BAC is fixed at project baseline. It does not change when cost overruns occur — that would be reflected in Estimate at Completion (EAC). BAC only changes through a formal re-baselining process when the approved scope of work changes fundamentally.

BAC vs Cost Baseline vs Project Budget

TermIncludesChanges?
Project BudgetBAC + Management ReserveOnly via formal change control
Cost Baseline (BAC)All work packages + Contingency ReserveOnly via re-baselining
EACForecast of actual total costUpdated regularly during execution

5 BAC Estimation Techniques

1. Bottom-Up Estimation (Most Accurate)

Estimate each work package individually and sum them. Accuracy: ±5–10%. Best when detailed scope is available. Use our BAC Builder to do this automatically.

2. Analogous Estimation

Use actual costs from similar past projects. Accuracy: ±25–75%. Best for early project stages when detail is limited. Fast but relies on comparable historical data.

3. Parametric Estimation

Use statistical relationships between variables (e.g., cost per square metre, cost per software function point). Accuracy: ±10–20%. Best when reliable historical data exists.

4. Three-Point Estimation (PERT)

Formula: BAC = (Optimistic + 4 × Most Likely + Pessimistic) / 6. Accounts for uncertainty. Produces a more statistically valid estimate than single-point estimates.

5. Expert Judgement

Consult subject matter experts when historical data is unavailable. Often combined with other techniques. Accuracy highly dependent on expert experience.

Real Construction Example

Cost CategoryBudget
Labour & Workforce$400,000
Materials & Supplies$250,000
Subcontractors$200,000
Equipment Rental$100,000
Contingency Reserve (10%)$95,000
BAC (Cost Baseline)$1,045,000
Management Reserve$55,000
Total Project Budget$1,100,000

Common BAC Pitfalls

  • Incomplete scope definition — BAC underestimated because not all work packages were identified
  • Missing indirect costs — Overhead, G&A, and fringe benefits excluded from estimates
  • Ignoring risk — No contingency or management reserve included
  • Weak change control — Scope creep added without updating the cost baseline

BAC, EAC, and VAC — Key Relationships

MetricFormulaMeaning
BACFixed at baselineWhat we planned to spend
EACBAC / CPI (most common)What we now forecast to spend
VACBAC − EACProjected surplus (+) or overrun (−)
→ Open the Free BAC Calculator 00,000
Nenumatytų atvejų rezervas (10%)$95,000
BAC (Išlaidų atskaitos taškas)
Budget at Completion Calculator April 2026 · 6 min read

What is Budget at Completion (BAC)?

Budget at Completion (BAC) is the total approved budget for all project work, established as a fixed baseline before execution begins. Per PMBOK 6th Edition (p.263), BAC equals the sum of all budgets for the work to be performed. It is the financial anchor of Earned Value Management — the number against which all cost and schedule performance is measured.

PMBOK Definition of BAC

The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide, 6th Edition) defines BAC as:

BAC = The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed on a project

Critically, BAC is fixed at project baseline. It does not change when cost overruns occur — that would be reflected in Estimate at Completion (EAC). BAC only changes through a formal re-baselining process when the approved scope of work changes fundamentally.

BAC vs Cost Baseline vs Project Budget

TermIncludesChanges?
Project BudgetBAC + Management ReserveOnly via formal change control
Cost Baseline (BAC)All work packages + Contingency ReserveOnly via re-baselining
EACForecast of actual total costUpdated regularly during execution

5 BAC Estimation Techniques

1. Bottom-Up Estimation (Most Accurate)

Estimate each work package individually and sum them. Accuracy: ±5–10%. Best when detailed scope is available. Use our BAC Builder to do this automatically.

2. Analogous Estimation

Use actual costs from similar past projects. Accuracy: ±25–75%. Best for early project stages when detail is limited. Fast but relies on comparable historical data.

3. Parametric Estimation

Use statistical relationships between variables (e.g., cost per square metre, cost per software function point). Accuracy: ±10–20%. Best when reliable historical data exists.

4. Three-Point Estimation (PERT)

Formula: BAC = (Optimistic + 4 × Most Likely + Pessimistic) / 6. Accounts for uncertainty. Produces a more statistically valid estimate than single-point estimates.

5. Expert Judgement

Consult subject matter experts when historical data is unavailable. Often combined with other techniques. Accuracy highly dependent on expert experience.

Real Construction Example

Cost CategoryBudget
Labour & Workforce$400,000
Materials & Supplies$250,000
Subcontractors$200,000
Equipment Rental$100,000
Contingency Reserve (10%)$95,000
BAC (Cost Baseline)$1,045,000
Management Reserve$55,000
Total Project Budget$1,100,000

Common BAC Pitfalls

  • Incomplete scope definition — BAC underestimated because not all work packages were identified
  • Missing indirect costs — Overhead, G&A, and fringe benefits excluded from estimates
  • Ignoring risk — No contingency or management reserve included
  • Weak change control — Scope creep added without updating the cost baseline

BAC, EAC, and VAC — Key Relationships

MetricFormulaMeaning
BACFixed at baselineWhat we planned to spend
EACBAC / CPI (most common)What we now forecast to spend
VACBAC − EACProjected surplus (+) or overrun (−)
→ Open the Free BAC Calculator ,045,000
Valdymo rezervas$55,000
Bendras projekto biudžetas
Budget at Completion Calculator April 2026 · 6 min read

What is Budget at Completion (BAC)?

Budget at Completion (BAC) is the total approved budget for all project work, established as a fixed baseline before execution begins. Per PMBOK 6th Edition (p.263), BAC equals the sum of all budgets for the work to be performed. It is the financial anchor of Earned Value Management — the number against which all cost and schedule performance is measured.

PMBOK Definition of BAC

The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide, 6th Edition) defines BAC as:

BAC = The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed on a project

Critically, BAC is fixed at project baseline. It does not change when cost overruns occur — that would be reflected in Estimate at Completion (EAC). BAC only changes through a formal re-baselining process when the approved scope of work changes fundamentally.

BAC vs Cost Baseline vs Project Budget

TermIncludesChanges?
Project BudgetBAC + Management ReserveOnly via formal change control
Cost Baseline (BAC)All work packages + Contingency ReserveOnly via re-baselining
EACForecast of actual total costUpdated regularly during execution

5 BAC Estimation Techniques

1. Bottom-Up Estimation (Most Accurate)

Estimate each work package individually and sum them. Accuracy: ±5–10%. Best when detailed scope is available. Use our BAC Builder to do this automatically.

2. Analogous Estimation

Use actual costs from similar past projects. Accuracy: ±25–75%. Best for early project stages when detail is limited. Fast but relies on comparable historical data.

3. Parametric Estimation

Use statistical relationships between variables (e.g., cost per square metre, cost per software function point). Accuracy: ±10–20%. Best when reliable historical data exists.

4. Three-Point Estimation (PERT)

Formula: BAC = (Optimistic + 4 × Most Likely + Pessimistic) / 6. Accounts for uncertainty. Produces a more statistically valid estimate than single-point estimates.

5. Expert Judgement

Consult subject matter experts when historical data is unavailable. Often combined with other techniques. Accuracy highly dependent on expert experience.

Real Construction Example

Cost CategoryBudget
Labour & Workforce$400,000
Materials & Supplies$250,000
Subcontractors$200,000
Equipment Rental$100,000
Contingency Reserve (10%)$95,000
BAC (Cost Baseline)$1,045,000
Management Reserve$55,000
Total Project Budget$1,100,000

Common BAC Pitfalls

  • Incomplete scope definition — BAC underestimated because not all work packages were identified
  • Missing indirect costs — Overhead, G&A, and fringe benefits excluded from estimates
  • Ignoring risk — No contingency or management reserve included
  • Weak change control — Scope creep added without updating the cost baseline

BAC, EAC, and VAC — Key Relationships

MetricFormulaMeaning
BACFixed at baselineWhat we planned to spend
EACBAC / CPI (most common)What we now forecast to spend
VACBAC − EACProjected surplus (+) or overrun (−)
→ Open the Free BAC Calculator ,100,000

Dažnos BAC klaidos

BAC, EAC ir VAC — pagrindiniai ryšiai

MetrikaFormulėReikšmė
BACFiksuota atskaitos taškeKą planavome išleisti
EACBAC / CPI (dažniausia)Ką dabar prognozuojame išleisti
VACBAC − EACPrognozuojamas perteklius (+) arba viršijimas (−)
→ Atidaryti nemokamą BAC skaičiuoklę